Iinjini ze-DC ngoomatshini abaxhaphakileyo abafumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zombane ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi motors zibekwe kwizixhobo ezifuna uhlobo oluthile lwe-rotary okanye ulawulo lokuvelisa intshukumo.Iinjini ezithe ngqo zangoku zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zobunjineli bombane.Ukuba nokuqonda kakuhle ukusebenza kweemoto ze-DC kunye nolawulo lwesantya semoto kwenza ukuba iinjineli zenze usetyenziso olufikelela kulawulo olululo.

Eli nqaku liza kujongisisa kwiindidi zeenjini zeDC ezikhoyo, indlela yazo yokusebenza, kunye nendlela yokufikelela kulawulo lwesantya.

Yintoni DC Motors?

NjengoIinjini ze-AC, iinjini ze-DC zikwaguqula amandla ombane abe ngamandla oomatshini.Umsebenzi wabo umva we-DC generator evelisa umsinga wombane.Ngokungafaniyo neenjini ze-AC, iinjini ze-DC zisebenza kumandla e-DC-non-sinusoidal, amandla ahlukeneyo.

Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko

Nangona iinjini zeDC ziyilwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, zonke ziqulathe ezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• I-Rotor (inxalenye yomatshini ojikelezayo; ekwaziwa njenge "armature")
• I-Stator (i-wind windings, okanye inxalenye "emileyo" yemoto)
• I-Commutator (inokuxutywa okanye i-brushless, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemoto)
• Imagnethi yasendle (bonelela ngemagnethi ejika i-asi eqhagamshelwe kwirotor)

Ngokwesiqhelo, iimoto ze-DC zisebenza ngokusekwe kunxibelelwano phakathi kwemimandla yemagnethi eveliswe yi-armature ejikelezayo kunye neyestator okanye icandelo elisisigxina.

Isilawuli semoto esingenazinzwa DC.Umfanekiso osetyenziswe ngoncedo lweKenzi Mudge.

Umgaqo wokuSebenza

Iinjini ze-DC zisebenza kumgaqo kaFaraday we-electromagnetism othi umqhubi ophetheyo ufumana amandla xa ebekwe kwindawo enozibuthe.Ngokutsho kukaFleming "umthetho wesandla sasekhohlo seenjini zombane," intshukumo yale conductor ihlala ikwindlela ethe ngqo kumandla akhoyo kunye nemagnethi.

Ngokwezibalo, sinokubonisa la mandla njenge-F = BIL (apho i-F inamandla, i-B yintsimi yamagnetic, ndimele okwangoku, kwaye u-L ubude bomqhubi).

Iindidi ze-DC Motors

Iinjini zeDC ziwela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kulwakhiwo lwazo.Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zibandakanya ibrashi okanye i-brushless, imagnethi esisigxina, uthotho, kunye ne-parallel.

IiMotor eziziibrashi kunye neebrushless

Imoto ye-DC ebrashiweyoisebenzisa iperi yegraphite okanye iibhrashi zekhabhoni ezenzelwe ukuqhuba okanye ukuhambisa umsinga ovela kwisixhobo.Ezi brashi zihlala zigcinwe kufutshane nomhambisi.Eminye imisebenzi eluncedo yeebhrashi kwiinjini ze-dc ibandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokungenantlantsi, ukulawula icala langoku ngexesha lokujikeleza, kunye nokugcina umhambisi ecocekile.

Iinjini ze-DC ezingenamabhurashimusa icarbon okanye iibhrashi zegraphite.Zihlala zinemagnethi enye okanye ngaphezulu esisigxina ejikeleza i-armature esisigxina.Endaweni yeebhrashi, iinjini ze-DC ezingenabrushless zisebenzisa iisekethe zombane ukulawula icala elijikelezayo kunye nesantya.

IiMotor zeMagnet ezisisigxina

Iinjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziquka i-rotor ejikelezwe zimagnethi ezimbini eziphikisanayo ezisisigxina.Iimagnethi zibonelela ngokuguquguquka kwemagnethi xa i-dc idluliswa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-rotor ijikeleze ngasekunene okanye kwicala elichasene newotshi, kuxhomekeke kwi-polarity.Inzuzo enkulu yolu hlobo lwemoto kukuba inokusebenza ngesantya esihambelanayo kunye nefrikhwensi eqhubekayo, evumela ukulawulwa kwesantya esiphezulu.

Series-inxeba DC Motors

Iimotor ze-Series zine-stator yazo (ehlala zenziwe ngemivalo yobhedu) i-windings kunye ne-winding field (iikhoyili zobhedu) ezixhunywe kuthotho.Ngenxa yoko, i-armature current kunye nemisinga yasendle iyalingana.Umsinga ophakamileyo uqukuqela ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kunikezelo ukuya kumajiko-jiko entsimi atyebileyo nangaphantsi kweenjini ze-shunt.Ubukhulu be-windings yentsimi yonyusa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wemoto kwaye ikwavelisa amasimi anamandla emagnethi anika uthotho lweemotor zeDC itorque ephezulu kakhulu.

Shunt DC Motors

Imoto ye-shunt ye-DC inezixhobo zayo kunye namajiko entsimi aqhagamshelwe ngokunxuseneyo.Ngenxa yoqhagamshelo olunxuseneyo, omabini amajiko-jiko afumana amandla ombane afanayo, nangona achulumancile ngokwahlukeneyo.Iinjini zeShunt zihlala zijika ngakumbi kwi-winding kuneemotor ezilandelelanayo ezenza imagnethi enamandla ngexesha lokusebenza.Iinjini zeShunt zinokuba nolawulo olubalaseleyo lwesantya, nokuba zinemithwalo eyahlukeneyo.Nangona kunjalo, bahlala beswele i-torque ephezulu yokuqala yeemoto ezilandelelanayo.

I-motor and speed control circuit efakwe kwi-mini drill.Umfanekiso osetyenziswe ngoncedo lweDilshan R. Jayakody

DC Motor Speed ​​Control

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokufikelela kulawulo lwesantya kuthotho lweemoto ze-DC-ulawulo lokuqukuqela, ulawulo lombane, kunye nolawulo lokumelana nezixhobo.

1. Indlela yokulawula i-Flux

Kwindlela yokulawula i-flux, i-rheostat (uhlobo lwe-resistor eguquguqukayo) ixhunywe kwichungechunge kunye ne-winding field.Injongo yeli candelo kukwandisa ukuxhathisa uchungechunge kwi-windings eya kunciphisa i-flux, ngenxa yoko ukwandisa isantya semoto.

2. Indlela yokulawula i-Voltage

Indlela yolawulo eguquguqukayo idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinjini ze-shunt dc.Kukho, kwakhona, iindlela ezimbini zokuphumeza ulawulo lombane:

• Ukuqhagamshela indawo ye-shunt kumbane osisigxina onika umdla ngelixa unikezela ngezixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo (aka ulawulo lombane oluninzi)
• Ukutshintsha amandla ombane anikezelweyo kwisixhobo sokuxhobisa (owaziwa ngokuba yiWadi Leonard indlela)

3. Indlela yoLawulo lokuChasa iArmature

Ulawulo lokumelana nezixhobo lusekwe kumgaqo wokuba isantya semoto silingana ngokuthe ngqo ne-EMF yangasemva.Ke, ukuba i-voltage yokubonelela kunye nokumelana ne-armature kugcinwe kwixabiso elingaguqukiyo, isantya semoto siya kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo ne-armature current.