ISebe lezoRhwebo lase-US libhengeze ngoSeptemba 24 ukuba liqalise "uphando lwe-232" malunga nokuba ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwe-Neodymium-iron-boron magnets esisigxina (i-Neodymium-iron-boron imagnethi esisigxina) ilimaza ukhuseleko lwelizwe lase-United States.Olu lolokuqala “lophando lwama-232” olwaqalwa ngabaphathi beBiden ukusukela oko wathatha isikhundla.Isebe lezoRhwebo lase-US lathi izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko zelizwe ezifana nejethi zokulwa kunye neenkqubo zesikhokelo somjukujelwa, iziseko eziphambili ezifana nezithuthi zombane kunye nee turbines zomoya, kunye nekhompyuter, izixhobo zomsindo, izixhobo zemagnethi. kunye neminye imimandla.

NgoFebruwari walo nyaka, uMongameli wase-US u-Biden wayalela ii-arhente zomdibaniso ukuba zenze uphononongo lweentsuku ezili-100 zokubonelela ngeemveliso ezine eziphambili: ii-semiconductors, iiminerali zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, iibhetri ezinomthamo omkhulu wezithuthi zombane, kunye namayeza.Kwiziphumo zovavanyo lweentsuku ezili-100 ezingeniswe kwi-Biden ngoJuni 8, kucetyiswa ukuba iSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US livavanye ukuba liphanda imagnethi ye-neodymium ngokuhambelana neSiqendu 232 soMthetho woKwandiswa koRhwebo we-1962. Ingxelo yabonisa ukuba i-neodymium magnets idlala. indima ephambili kwiimoto kunye nezinye izixhobo, kwaye zibalulekile kukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nezicelo zoshishino lwasekuhlaleni.Nangona kunjalo, iUnited States ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni ngaphandle kweli candelo liphambili.

Ubudlelwane phakathi kwemagnethi ye-iron boron ye-neodymium kunye neenjini

Imagnethi ye-iron boron ye-Neodymium isetyenziswa kwiimotho zemagnethi ezisisigxina.Iimotor zemagnethi eziqhelekileyo ezisisigxina zezi: umazibuthe osisigxina iinjini zeDC, iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi zeAC, kunye nemagnethi esisigxina yeemotor zeDC zohlulwe ngokwebhrashi yeemoto zeDC, iimotor ezingena brushless, kunye neemotor ezinyathelayo.Iimotor ezisisigxina zemagnethi ze-AC zohlulwe ngokweemotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina ze-servo, njl.

Izinto eziluncedo ze-neodymium iron boron magnets

Ngenxa yeepropathi ezigqwesileyo zemagnethi zezixhobo zemagnethi ze-neodymium, imimandla yamagnetic esisigxina inokusekwa ngaphandle kwamandla ongezelelweyo emva kokwenza umazibuthe.Ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba endaweni yeendawo zombane zemveli azikho phezulu kuphela ekusebenzeni, kodwa zikwalula kwisakhiwo, zithembekile ekusebenzeni, zincinci ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima obuncinci.Ayinakuphumelela kuphela ukusebenza okuphezulu (okufana nokusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu, isantya esiphezulu, isantya esiphezulu sokuphendula) ukuba iimotor zemveli zokuvuselela umbane azikwazi ukuhambelana, kodwa zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza kweemoto ezikhethekileyo ezinje nge-elevator traction. iimoto kunye neenjini zemoto.Ukudityaniswa kweenjini zemagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla kunye netekhnoloji yokulawula i-microcomputer iphucula ukusebenza kwerotor yemagnethi esisigxina kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.Ke ngoko, ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nenqanaba lokuxhasa izixhobo zobugcisa lukhokelo olubalulekileyo lophuhliso lweshishini leemoto ukulungelelanisa ubume boshishino.

I-China lilizwe elinomthamo omkhulu wemveliso yeemagnethi ze-neodymium.Ngokwedatha, iyonke imveliso yehlabathi yeemagnethi ze-neodymium ngo-2019 imalunga neetoni ezingama-170,000, apho imveliso yaseTshayina ye-neodymium boron imalunga neetoni ezingama-150,000, ebalwa malunga ne-90%.

I-China lelona lizwe livelisa umhlaba onqabileyo kwaye lithumela kumazwe angaphandle umhlaba onqabileyo.Naziphi na iirhafu ezongezelelweyo ezibekwe yi-United States kufuneka zingeniswe ngaphandle yi-China.Ke ngoko, uphando lwe-US 232 aluyi kuba nampembelelo kushishino lombane lwaseTshayina.

Kuxelwe nguJessica