I-Brushless DC kunye neenjini ezinyathelayo zinokufumana ingqwalaselo ethe kratya kuneemoto zakudala ezibrashwayo zeDC, kodwa le yokugqibela isenokuba lukhetho olungcono kwezinye izicelo.

Uninzi lwabayili bajonge ukukhetha imoto encinci ye-DC - iyunithi yamandla angaphantsi okanye i-fractional-horsepower, ngokuqhelekileyo - idla ngokujonga kwiinketho ezimbini kuphela: i-brushless DC (BLDC) motor okanye i-stepper motor.Yeyiphi onokuyikhetha isekelwe kwisicelo, njengoko i-BDLC ingcono ngokubanzi kwintshukumo eqhubekayo ngelixa i-motor stepper ikulungele kangcono ukubeka indawo, umva-na-phambili, kunye nokumisa / ukuqala intshukumo.Uhlobo ngalunye lweemoto lunokuhambisa ukusebenza okufunekayo kunye nomlawuli ofanelekileyo, onokuba yi-IC okanye imodyuli ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bemoto kunye neenkcukacha.Ezi motors zinokuqhutywa nge "smarts" ezifakwe kwii-ICs ezizinikezeleyo zokulawula ukunyakaza okanye iprosesa ene-firmware edibeneyo.

Kodwa jonga ngokusondeleyo kubonelelo lwabathengisi bezi motor ze-BLDC, kwaye uya kubona ukuba phantse bahlala bebonelela ngeenjini ze-DC (BDC) ezixutywe, ebezisoloko zikho “ngonaphakade.”Olu lungiselelo lweemoto lunendawo ende kunye nesekiweyo kwimbali yamandla aqhutywa ngombane, njengoko yayiluyilo lokuqala lweemoto zombane zalo naluphi na uhlobo.Amashumi ezigidi ezi njini zibrashwa zisetyenziswa minyaka le kwizinto ezinzulu, ezingenamsebenzi ezifana neemoto.

Iinguqulelo zokuqala ezikrwada zeenjini ezibrashwayo zayilwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1800s kodwa ukunika amandla nakwimoto encinci eluncedo kwakungumngeni.Iijenereyitha ezifunekayo ukuze zisebenze zazingekaphuhliswa, kwaye iibhetri ezazifumaneka zazinomthamo olinganiselweyo, ubukhulu obukhulu, kwaye kwakusafuneka “zizaliswe” ngandlel’ ithile.Ekugqibeleni, ezi ngxaki zoyiswa.Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800, iinjini ze-DC ezibrashiweyo ukusuka kumashumi kunye namakhulu amandla eehashe zafakwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi;ezininzi zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje.

Isiseko semoto ye-DC ebrashiweyo ayifuni "i-elektroniki" ukuba isebenze, njengoko sisixhobo esizihambelayo.Umgaqo wokusebenza ulula, ongomnye weempawu zayo.I-brush yemoto ye-DC isebenzisa uguqulo lomatshini ukutshintsha i-polarity yemagnethi yerotor (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-armature) ngokuchasene ne-stator.Ngokwahlukileyo, indawo yemagnethi yestator iphuhliswa nokuba ziikhoyili ze-electromagnetic (ngokwembali) okanye yangoku, iimagnethi ezinamandla ezisisigxina (ukwenziwa okuninzi kwanamhlanje) (Figure 1).

Ukusebenzisana kunye nokuphindaphinda ukuguqulwa kwendawo yamagnetic phakathi kweekhoyili ze-rotor kwi-armature kunye nentsimi esisigxina ye-stator ibangela ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okuqhubekayo.Isenzo soguqulo esibuyisela umva intsimi ye-rotor sifezekiswa ngoqhagamshelwano lwenyama (ebizwa ngokuba ziibrashi), ezichukumisayo kwaye zizise amandla kwiikhoyili ze-armature.Ukujikeleza kwemoto akunikezeli kuphela ukunyakaza okufunekayo komatshini kodwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-rotor coil polarity efunekayo ukubangela umtsalane / ukuchaswa ngokubhekiselele kwintsimi ye-stator esisigxina - kwakhona, akukho zixhobo zombane ezifunekayo, njengoko unikezelo lwe-DC lusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo i-stator coil windings (ukuba ikhona) kunye neebrashi.

Ukulawulwa kwesantya esisisiseko kufezekiswa ngokulungelelanisa i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo, kodwa oku kukhomba enye yeentsilelo zemoto ekhutshiweyo: i-voltage ephantsi inciphisa isantya (eyayiyinjongo) kwaye inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo i-torque, edla ngokuba sisiphumo esingafunekiyo.Ukusebenzisa ibhrashi yemoto eqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-DC rails kwamkeleka ngokubanzi kuphela kwizicelo ezilinganiselweyo okanye ezingabalulekanga ezifana nokusebenzisa iithoyi ezincinci kunye neziboniso ezinyakazayo, ngakumbi ukuba kuyafuneka ulawulo lwesantya.

Ngokwahlukileyo, i-motor ye-brushless ine-coil ye-electromagnetic coils (izibonda) ezigxininiswe kwindawo ejikeleze indawo yangaphakathi yendlu, kwaye imagnethi esisigxina yamandla aphezulu ifakwe kwi-shaft ejikelezayo (i-rotor) (Umfanekiso 2).Njengoko izibonda zinikwa amandla ngokulandelelana nge-electronics yokulawula (i-electronic commutation - EC), intsimi yamagnetic ejikeleze i-rotor ijikeleza kwaye ngoko itsala / igxotha i-rotor kunye nemagnethi yayo ehleliweyo, enyanzelekile ukuba ilandele intsimi.

Ukuqhuba kwangoku iipali zeemoto ze-BLDC kunokuba liza lesikwere, kodwa oko akusebenzi kwaye kubangela ukungcangcazela, ngoko ke uninzi loyilo lusebenzisa i-wave wave ejikelezayo enemilo eyenzelwe indibaniselwano efunekayo yokusebenza kombane kunye nokuchaneka kwentshukumo.Ngaphaya koko, isilawuli sinokwenza kakuhle imo yamaza omelezayo ukuze iqale ngokukhawuleza kodwa igudileyo kwaye ime ngaphandle kokudubula okugqithisileyo kunye nempendulo ekhawulezayo kumatshini odlulayo womthwalo.Iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zolawulo kunye neetrajectories ziyafumaneka ezihambelana nemo yemoto kunye nesantya kwiimfuno zesicelo.

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