Ikhono lemagnethi esisigxina ukuxhasa indawo yangaphandle yamagnetic ngenxa ye-crystal anisotropy ngaphakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo "ezitshixa" iindawo ezincinci zemagneti endaweni.Nje ukuba i-magnetization yokuqala isekiwe, ezi zikhundla zihlala zifana de kusetyenziswe amandla angaphezulu kwesizinda sozibuthe esitshixiweyo, kunye namandla afunekayo ukuphazamisa umhlaba wemagnethi oveliswa ngumazibuthe osisigxina uyahluka kwisixhobo ngasinye.Iimagnethi ezisisigxina zinokuvelisa ukunyanzeliswa okuphezulu kakhulu (Hcj), ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwesizinda kubukho bemimandla ephezulu yemagnethi yangaphandle.

Ukuzinza kunokuchazwa njengezinto eziphindaphindwayo zemagnethi phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo kubomi bemagnethi.Izinto ezichaphazela uzinzo lwemagnethi ziquka ixesha, ubushushu, utshintsho lokungafuni, imimandla yemagnethi engalunganga, imitha, ukothuka, uxinzelelo, kunye nokungcangcazela.

Ixesha linesiphumo esincinci kwiimagnethi zangoku ezisisigxina, izifundo ezibonise utshintsho ngokukhawuleza emva kokwenza umazibuthe.Olu tshintsho, olwaziwa ngokuba yi "magnetic creep," lwenzeka xa imimandla yemagnethi engazinzanga kangako ichatshazelwa kukuguquguquka kwamandla obushushu okanye kumagnethi, nakwiindawo ezizinzile ngokushushu.Olu lwahluko luyehla njengoko inani leengingqi ezingazinzanga lincipha.

Iimagnethi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo azifane zifumane le mpembelelo ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwazo okuphezulu.Uphononongo oluthelekisayo lwexesha elide ngokuchasene nemagnethi eguquguqukayo lubonisa ukuba iimagnethi ezisandula ukwenziwa nguzibuthe zilahlekelwa sisixa esincinci semagnethi ngokuhamba kwexesha.Ngaphezulu kweeyure ze-100,000, ukulahlekelwa kwezinto ze-samarium cobalt ziyi-zero, ngelixa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziphantsi kwe-Alnico zingaphantsi kwe-3%.

Iziphumo zobushushu ziwela kwiindidi ezintathu: ilahleko enokubuyiseka, ilahleko engenakubuyiseka kodwa enokubuyiselwa, kunye nelahleko engenakubuyiseka nengenakuhlawuleka.

Ilahleko ezibuyiselwa umva: Ezi ziilahleko eziphinda zifumaneke xa umazibuthe ebuyela kubushushu bawo bokuqala, uzinzo olusisigxina lwemagnethi alukwazi ukususa ilahleko enokuphinda ibuyelwe.Ilahleko ezibuyiselwa umva zichazwa yi-coefficient yokushisa eguqulwayo (Tc), njengoko kuboniswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi.I-Tc ichazwa njengepesenti ngeqondo le-Celsius, la manani ahluka ngebakala elithile lezinto eziphathekayo, kodwa amele iklasi yezinto eziphathekayo ngokubanzi.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-coefficients yobushushu be-Br kunye ne-Hcj yahluke kakhulu, ngoko ke ijika le-demagnetization liya kuba ne-"inflection point" kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.

Ilahleko engenakuguqulelwa kodwa enokuphinda ifumaneke: Ezi lahleko zichazwa njengokuphelelwa yimagnethi kwemagnethi ngenxa yokuvezwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye aphantsi, ezi lahleko zinokufunyanwa kuphela ngokuphinda kusebenze uzibuthe, imagnethi ayinakubuyela xa ubushushu bubuyela kwixabiso labo lokuqala.Ezi lahleko zenzeka xa indawo yokusebenza umazibuthe ingaphantsi kwendawo ye-inflection yegophe le-demagnetization.Uyilo olusebenzayo umazibuthe olusisigxina kufuneka lube nesekethi yemagnethi apho umazibuthe esebenza khona ngokufikeleleka okuphezulu kunendawo yokuguquguquka kwejiko le-demagnetization kwiqondo lobushushu elilindelekileyo, eliya kuthintela utshintsho lokusebenza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.

Ilahleko eNgabuyiselekiyo eNgabuyiselekiyo: Iimagnethi ezivezwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu ziye zitshintshe isinyithi esingenako ukufunyanwa ngokuphinda kusebenze uzibuthe.Le theyibhile ilandelayo ibonisa ubushushu obubalulekileyo bezinto ezahlukeneyo, apho: I-Tcurie yiqondo lobushushu leCurie apho umzuzu osisiseko wemagnethi usenziwa ngokungacwangciswanga kunye nezinto ezingasebenziyo;I-Tmax lolona bushushu buphezulu bokusebenza kwezinto eziphambili kudidi jikelele.

Iimagnethi zenziwa ukuba ubushushu buzinze ngokukhupha iimagnethi ngokuyinxenye ngokuzibeka kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngendlela elawulwayo.Ukuhla okuncinci koxinzelelo lwe-flux kuphucula uzinzo lwemagnethi, kuba imimandla engaqhelanga kakhulu yeyokuqala ukuphulukana nokuqhelaniswa nayo.Iimagnethi ezizinzileyo ezinje ziya kubonisa ukuguquguquka kwemagnethi rhoqo xa evezwe kumaqondo obushushu alinganayo okanye asezantsi.Ukongeza, ibhetshi ezinzileyo yeemagnethi iya kubonisa ukuguquguquka okusezantsi xa ithelekiswa enye kwenye, kuba umphezulu wentsimbi yentsimbi eneempawu zokwahluka okuqhelekileyo uya kufutshane nexabiso lebhetshi.