Iinjini yemveliso

Iimotor zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kwaye kunokude kuthiwe apho kukho intshukumo, kusenokubakho iinjini.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla, itekhnoloji yekhompyuter kunye nethiyori yolawulo, imakethi yezemoto yehlabathi ifumene ukukhula okukhulu.Ngokuvela kwezixhobo ezitsha ezifana nezixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nezixhobo ezihlanganisiweyo zemagnethi, ezahlukeneyo ezintsha, ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenjini ezikhethekileyo ziphuma enye emva kwenye.Emva kwenkulungwane yama-21, ngaphezulu kwe-6,000 yee-micromotor ezivele kwintengiso yeemoto.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ngenxa yokwanda okukhawulezayo kugxininiso loluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe kugcino lwamandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukuveliswa kweenjini ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuye kwaba lukhokelo lophuhliso lweenjini zehlabathi.Kumxholo wokuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwihlabathi jikelele, iManyano yaseYurophu, iFransi, iJamani kunye namanye amazwe kunye nemimandla iye yaphehlelela imigaqo-nkqubo yokonga amandla ephezulu yokukhuthaza ukuqhubela phambili uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini leemoto lehlabathi.

I-United States, i-China, kunye ne-Europe zinentengiso enkulu kumzi-mveliso weemoto

Ngokwembono yolwahlulo lwabasebenzi kwimakethi yeemoto zehlabathi, iTshayina yindawo yokwenziwa kweemoto, kwaye amazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu nase-United States ziindawo zophando lobuchwephesha kunye nophuhliso lweemoto.Ukuthatha ii-micro-motors njengomzekelo, i-China lelona lizwe livelisa ii-micro-motors.IJapan, iJamani, kunye neUnited States zezona mpembelelo ziphambili kuphando nakuphuhliso lweemoto ezincinci, kwaye zilawula uninzi lwehlabathi lomgangatho ophezulu, ukuchaneka, kunye nohlobo olutsha lobuchwephesha beemoto ezincinci.

Ngokwembono yesabelo semalike, ngokomlinganiselo weshishini leemoto laseTshayina kunye nobungakanani bubonke beshishini leemoto zehlabathi, ubukhulu beshishini leemoto laseTshayina libalelwa kwi-30%, kwaye iMelika kunye ne-European Union ibalelwa kuma-27% kunye nama-20. %, ngokulandelelanayo.

Ithemba lentengiso yezixhobo zokuvelisa iimoto zibanzi

Iimoto zemizi-mveliso yindawo ephambili yosetyenziso lweemoto, kwaye imigca yokuvelisa ezenzekelayo ayinakwakhiwa ngaphandle kwenkqubo yemoto esebenzayo.Kuxelwe ukuba okwangoku, ishishini leemoto alikafikeleli ngokupheleleyo kwi-automation yemveliso kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa kwihlabathi.Kwinkqubo yokucima, ukudibanisa kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kusafuneka ukudibanisa umsebenzi wezandla kunye noomatshini, olona shishino olunesiqingatha somsebenzi.Nangona kunjalo, ngokudlula kwexesha lezabelo zabasebenzi, ukuveliswa kweemoto, ishishini elijongene nabasebenzi, liye lijongene neengxaki eziqhelekileyo kumashishini akhoyo, njengobunzima bokufumana abasebenzi kunye nokugcina abasebenzi.Kukho amawakawaka abavelisi beemoto kwilizwe liphela, kwaye banomnqweno wokuziqhelanisa neenkqubo zabo zemveliso, nto leyo ezisa ithemba elilungileyo lentengiso ekukhuthazeni imigca yemveliso ezenzekelayo yeemoto zemizi-mveliso.

Ukongeza, phezu koxinzelelo olumandla olukhulayo kugcino lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla, ukuphuhlisa ngamandla iimoto zamandla amatsha kuye kwaba yingqwalasela entsha yokhuphiswano kwishishini lehlabathi le-auto.Ngophuhliso lweshishini lezithuthi zombane, imfuno yayo yeemoto zokuqhuba nayo iyanda.Okwangoku, iinkampani ezininzi zeemoto zisebenzisa indlela yokuvelisa iimoto zemveli, kunye nobunzima bokuvelisa iimoto zombane zokuqhuba iimoto, ngakumbi iimotor zemagnethi ezihlala zisetyenziswa kwilizwe lam, ziye zanda kakhulu (amandla kazibuthe emagnethi asisigxina makhulu kakhulu, athi yenza indibano ibenzima kwaye ikhokelela ngokulula kukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo.. Iingozi), iimfuno zomgangatho weemveliso nazo ziphezulu kakhulu.Ke ngoko, ukuba imveliso ezenzekelayo yeemoto zombane zokuqhuba izithuthi zinokuqondwa kwinqanaba elikhulu, ilizwe lam liya kudala ikamva eliqaqambileyo ngokwetekhnoloji yemoto yomzimba kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa iimoto ezizenzekelayo.

Kwangaxeshanye, nangona itekhnoloji yeenjini ze-voltage eziphantsi zikhulile ngokwentelekiso, kusekho imiqobo emininzi yobugcisa kwimimandla yeemotor ezinevoltage ephezulu yamandla, iimotor zezicelo ezikhethekileyo zokusingqongileyo, kunye neenjini ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.Ngokwembono yendlela yophuhliso lwemarike yeemoto zombane zehlabathi, imbonakalo yayo ephambili yile ilandelayo:

Ishishini liphuhlisa ngokubhekiselele kubukrelekrele kunye nokudityaniswa: imveliso yonqakrazo lwemveli iye yaqonda ukudityaniswa komnqamlezo kobuchwephesha be-elektroniki kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele.Kwixesha elizayo, ngumkhwa wekamva loshishino lweemoto ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa kunye nokwenza ngcono itekhnoloji yokulawula ubukrelekrele kwiinkqubo zeemoto ezincinci kunye neziphakathi ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lemizi-mveliso, kunye nokuqonda uyilo oludityanisiweyo kunye nokuveliswa kolawulo lwemoto, ukuva, ukuqhuba. kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Iimveliso ziphuhla zisiya kulwahlulo kunye nobungcali: iimveliso zeemoto zombane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana namandla, uthutho, i-petroleum, ishishini lemichiza, isinyithi, imigodi, kunye nokwakha.Ngokuqhubeka nzulu koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nophuculo oluqhubekayo lwenqanaba lesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, imeko yokuba uhlobo olufanayo lwemoto lwalusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo kwixesha elidlulileyo liyaphulwa, kwaye iimveliso zemoto ziphuhliswa. isikhokelo sobuchule, ukwahlula kunye nobungcali.

Iimveliso ziphuhliswa kwindlela yokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla: Imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazelekayo yokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi kulo nyaka ibonise imiyalelo ecacileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo wokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweenjini kunye noomatshini ngokubanzi.Ke ngoko, ishishini leemoto lifuna ngokukhawuleza ukukhawulezisa inguqu yokonga amandla kwizixhobo ezikhoyo zokuvelisa, ukukhuthaza iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokuvelisa uhlaza, kunye nokuphuhlisa isizukulwana esitsha sokugcina umbane, iinkqubo zeemoto kunye neemveliso zolawulo, kunye nezixhobo zokuvavanya.Ukuphucula inkqubo yomgangatho wobugcisa beemoto kunye neenkqubo, kwaye kugxininise ekwandiseni ukhuphiswano olungundoqo lweemoto kunye neemveliso zenkqubo.

UJessica