Xa kuthelekiswa neemotor zemveli zokuvuselela umbane, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ngakumbi iimotor zemagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, zinesakhiwo esilula kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo.Umthamo omncinci kunye nobunzima obulula;Ilahleko ephantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu;Ubume kunye nobukhulu benjini bunokuguquguquka kwaye buhluke.Ke ngoko, uluhlu lwezicelo lubanzi kakhulu, phantse kuwo wonke amasimi e-aerospace, ukhuselo lwelizwe, imveliso yeshishini kunye nezolimo kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.Iimpawu eziphambili kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenjini zemagnethi eziqhelekileyo ezisisigxina ziyaziswa ngezantsi.
1. Xa kuthelekiswa neejenereyitha zemveli, iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina emhlabeni ezinqabileyo azidingi ring rings kunye nebrashi, kunye nesakhiwo esilula kunye nesantya esincitshisiweyo sokusilela.Imagnethi esisigxina yomhlaba enqabileyo inokonyusa umsantsa woxinaniso lwemagnethi yomoya, yonyusa isantya semoto ukuya kwelona xabiso lifanelekileyo kwaye iphucule umlinganiselo wamandla ukuya kubunzima.Iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina zomhlaba ezinqabileyo phantse zonke zisetyenziswa kuphapho lwangoku kunye neejenereyitha ze-aerospace.Iimveliso zayo eziqhelekileyo ziyi-150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r / min ~ 21 000 r / min kunye ne-100 kVA 60 000 r / min ezinqabileyo zomhlaba cobalt imagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous generator eyenziwe yiGeneral Electric Company yaseMelika.Umhlaba wokuqala onqabileyo umazibuthe osisigxina ophuhliswe eTshayina yi-3 kW 20 000 r/min esisigxina yejenereyitha umazibuthe.
Iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina nazo zikwasetyenziswa njengee-exciters ezincedisayo kwii-turbo-generators ezinkulu.Ngoo-1980s, i-China yaphuhlisa ngempumelelo eyona magnethi inqabileyo yomhlaba esisigxina emhlabeni encedisana ne-40 kVA～160 kVA, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngama-200 MW ~ 600 MW ejenereyitha ye-turbo, ephucule kakhulu ukuthembeka komsebenzi wesikhululo samandla.
Okwangoku, iijenereyitha ezincinci eziqhutywa ziinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, iijenereyitha zemagnethi ezisisigxina zezithuthi, kunye neejenereyitha zomoya zemagnethi ezincinci ezisisigxina eziqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo ngamavili omoya ziya zithandwa ngokuthe ngcembe.
2. Umgangatho ophezulu we-magnetic esisigxina ye-synchronous motor xa kuthelekiswa ne-induction motor, i-magnetic esisigxina ye-synchronous motor ayifuni i-excitation current esebenzayo, enokuphucula kakhulu into yamandla (ukuya kwi-1 okanye i-capacitive), ukunciphisa i-stator yangoku kunye nelahleko yokumelana ne-stator, kwaye akukho lahleko yobhedu ye-rotor ngexesha lokusebenza oluzinzileyo, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa i-fan (i-motor umthamo omncinci unokususa i-fan) kunye nelahleko ye-friction yomoya ehambelanayo.Xa kuthelekiswa nemotor induction yohlobo olufanayo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunokunyuswa ngepesenti ezi-2 ukuya kwezisi-8.Ngaphaya koko, i-magnetic esisigxina ye-synchronous motor inokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nemeko yamandla kuluhlu lomthwalo olinganisiweyo we-25% ~ 120%, eyenza umphumo wokonga amandla uphawuleke ngakumbi xa usebenza phantsi komthwalo okhanyayo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lweemoto luxhotyiswe ngokuqala ukujikeleza kwi-rotor, ekwazi ukuqala ngokuthe ngqo kwi-frequency ethile kunye ne-voltage.Okwangoku, isetyenziswa kakhulu kumasimi e-oyile, kwimizi-mveliso yelaphu kunye neekhemikhali zefiber, i-ceramic kunye nemizi-mveliso yeglasi, iifeni kunye neepompo ezinexesha elide lokusebenza lonyaka, njl.
I-NdFeB yemagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor enobuchule obuphezulu kunye ne-torque ephezulu yokuqala ngokuzimeleyo ephuhliswe lilizwe lethu inokusombulula ingxaki "yenqwelo enkulu yehashe" kwisicelo se-oyile.I-torque yokuqala yi-50% ~ 100% enkulu kunaleyo ye-motor induction, enokuthi ithathe indawo ye-motor induction kunye nenani elikhulu lesiseko, kwaye izinga lokonga amandla limalunga nama-20%.
Kwishishini le-textile, umzuzu womthwalo we-inertia mkhulu, odinga i-torque ephezulu.Uyilo olunengqiqo lwe-coefficient yokuvuza okungekho mthwalo, umlinganiselo wepali enqabileyo, ukuxhathisa kwe-rotor, ubungakanani bemagnethi esisigxina kunye nokujika kwe-stator ye-synchronous motor esisigxina inokuphucula ukusebenza komtsalane wemoto umazibuthe osisigxina kwaye ikhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumashishini amatsha amalaphu kunye neekhemikhali.
Iifeni kunye neepompo ezisetyenziswa kwizikhululo zamandla amakhulu, imigodi, i-petroleum, iikhemikhali kunye namanye amashishini ngabasebenzisi bamandla amakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye namandla ombane weemoto ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ziphantsi.Ukusebenzisa imagnethi esisigxina ye-NdFeB ayiphuculi nje kuphela ukusebenza kunye namandla ombane, igcina amandla, kodwa inesakhiwo se-brushless, esiphucula ukuthembeka kokusebenza.Okwangoku, i-1 120kW esisigxina ye-magnetic motor synchronous motor yeyona nto inamandla emhlabeni i-asynchronous eqala ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kwimotor yemagnethi esisigxina yomhlaba.Ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu kune-96.5% (ukusebenza kwemoto efanayo ngama-95%), kwaye amandla ayo yi-0.94, enokutshintsha indawo yemoto eqhelekileyo ngamabakala anamandla angama-1 ~ 2 amakhulu kunayo.
3. AC servo esisigxina umazibuthe motor kunye brushless DC osisigxina umazibuthe motor ngoku ngakumbi nangakumbi ukusetyenziswa variable frequency unikezelo lwamandla kunye AC motor ukwenza inkqubo yolawulo isantya AC endaweni DC inkqubo yokulawula isantya motor.Kwiimotor ze-AC, isantya semagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor igcina unxulumano olungaguqukiyo kunye namaxesha onikezelo lwamandla ngexesha lokusebenza okuzinzileyo, ukuze isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokulawula isantya esijikelezayo esivulekileyo.Olu hlobo lwemoto ludla ngokuqalwa kukwanda kancinci kancinci kweconverter frequency.Akuyimfuneko ukuseta i-winding yokuqala kwi-rotor, kwaye i-brush kunye ne-commutator ishiywe, ngoko ke ukugcinwa kukulungele.
I-self-synchronous esisigxina ye-magnetic motor yenziwe yimagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor enikwe amandla yi-converter frequency kunye nenkqubo yokulawula i-loop evaliweyo yendawo ye-rotor, enganeli nje ukuba nesantya esiphezulu sokulawula ukusebenza kwemoto yombane ye-DC, kodwa iphinda iqonde i-brushless.Isetyenziswa kakhulu ngezihlandlo ezinolawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokuthembeka, njengokubhabha, i-aerospace, izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC, amaziko omatshini, iirobhothi, izithuthi zombane, iiperipherals zekhompyuter, njl.
Okwangoku, i-NdFeB esisigxina ye-magnetic motor synchronous motor kunye ne-drive system ene-wide speed range kunye ne-Gao Heng ye-speed ratio ratio ziye zaphuhliswa, kunye ne-speed ratio ye-1: 22 500 kunye nesantya somda we-9 000 r / min.Iimpawu zokusebenza okuphezulu, ukungcangcazela okuncinci, ingxolo ephantsi kunye nokuxinana kwetorque ephezulu yemoto enemagnethi esisigxina zezona moto zifanelekileyo kwizithuthi zombane, izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuqhuba.
Ngokuphucuka okuqhubekayo komgangatho wokuphila kwabantu, iimfuno zezixhobo zekhaya ziya zinyuka ngokunyuka.Ngokomzekelo, i-air conditioner yendlu ayiyena kuphela umthengi wamandla amakhulu, kodwa kunye nomthombo oyintloko wengxolo.Umkhwa wayo wophuhliso kukusebenzisa imagnethi esisigxina brushless DC motor kunye stepless ummiselo isantya.Iyakwazi ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo kwisantya esifanelekileyo ngokokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokuqhuba ixesha elide, ukunciphisa ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela, ukwenza abantu bazive bekhululekile, kunye nokugcina i-1/3 yombane xa kuthelekiswa ne-air conditioner ngaphandle kokulawulwa kwesantya.Ezinye iifriji, oomatshini bokuhlamba, abaqokeleli uthuli, abalandeli, njl.
4. Imagnethi esisigxina ye-DC motor motor ithatha i-excitation yemagnethi esisigxina, engagcini nje ngokugcina iimpawu zolawulo lwesantya esilungileyo kunye neempawu zomatshini zemoto ye-DC echulumancisayo ngombane, kodwa ineempawu zesakhiwo esilula kunye nobuchwepheshe, umthamo omncinci, ukusetyenziswa kobhedu oluphantsi, okuphezulu. ukusebenza kakuhle, njl. ngenxa yokuba i-excitation winding ne-excitation ilahleko ayifakwanga.Ke ngoko, iinjini ze-DC ezisisigxina zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, izixhobo zombane ukuya kwisantya esichanekileyo kunye neenkqubo zothumelo ezifuna ukusebenza kakuhle okuguquguqukayo.Phakathi kweenjini ze-DC ezincinci ezingaphantsi kwe-50W, iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zithatha i-92%, ngelixa ezo zingaphantsi kwe-10 W zibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-99%.
Okwangoku, ishishini leemoto laseTshayina likhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ishishini leemoto ngoyena msebenzisi mkhulu weenjini zemagnethi ezisisigxina, ezingawona macandelo aphambili eemoto.Kwimoto ye-ultra-luxury, kukho ngaphezu kwe-70 motors ezineenjongo ezahlukeneyo, uninzi lwazo zi-low-voltage ezisisigxina zemagnethi ze-DC.Xa iimagnethi ezisisigxina ze-NdFeB kunye neegiya zeplanethi zisetyenziswa kwiimoto zokuqalisa iimoto kunye nezithuthuthu, umgangatho weenjini zokuqalisa unokuncitshiswa ngesiqingatha.
Ukuhlelwa kweeMoto zeMagnet eziSisigxina
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeemagnethi ezisisigxina.Ngokomsebenzi wemoto, inokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba zibe zimbini: ijenereyitha yemagnethi esisigxina kunye nenjini yemagnethi esisigxina.
Iimotor zemagnethi ezisisigxina zinokwahlulwa zibe zimagnethi ezisisigxina zeenjini zeDC kunye nemagnethi esisigxina yeenjini zeAC.Imagnethi esisigxina ye-AC motor ibhekisa kwimotor ye-synchronous multi-phase ene-rotor yemagnethi esisigxina, ke ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yimagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor (PMSM).
Umazibuthe osisigxina iinjini ze-DC zinokwahlulwa zibe yimagnethi esisigxina yeenjini ze-DC kunye nemagnethi esisigxina yeemoto ze-DC (BLDCM) ukuba zihlelwa ngokokuba kukho izitshixo zombane okanye abahambi.
Kule mihla, ithiyori kunye netekhnoloji ye-elektroniki yamandla yanamhlanje ikhula kakhulu kwihlabathi.Ngokufika kwezixhobo zombane zamandla, ezifana ne-MOSFET, IGBT kunye ne-MCT, izixhobo zokulawula ziye zatshintsha kakhulu.Ukusukela oko uF. Blaceke wabeka phambili umgaqo wolawulo lwe-vector ye-AC motor ngo-1971, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yolawulo lwe-vector luqalise ixesha elitsha lolawulo lwe-AC servo drive, kwaye ii-microprocessors ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngokuphezulu ziye zatyhalelwa ngaphandle, ziqhubela phambili uphuhliso. yenkqubo ye-AC servo endaweni yenkqubo ye-DC servo.Yimeko engenakuthintelwa ukuba inkqubo ye-servo ye-AC-I ithathe indawo ye-DC servo system.Nangona kunjalo, imagnethi esisigxina ye-synchronous motor (PMSM) ene-sinusoidal back emf kunye ne-brushless DC motor (BLIX ~) ene-trapezoidal back emf ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yeyona nto iphambili ekuphuhliseni ukusebenza okuphezulu kwenkqubo ye-AC servo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo.